BREXIT SOLUTIONS

WHAT İS BREXİT

Brexit is the 23 June 2016 referendum when the United Kingdom is leaving the European Union. Brexit is the nickname of the British exit way from the EU.Britain asked the British people in the referendum in 2016 whether or not it should withdraw from the economic and political union with Europe.Conclusions As a result, the UK resigned from the European Union and ended its 43-year relationship with the continent by 52% of the vote. The capital has voted for London to be part of the EU; however, in addition to the remaining parts of southern England, Wales also voted to leave.Since the UK is the third most populous EU member country, which consists of 12.76 per cent of the total population of the bloc, it has an effective role in the Council of Europe and its Parliament, and the UK spends much more money on defense than any other EU country. Also, without England, the common weight of the liberal bloc would be reduced, while the protectionist bloc would be strengthened to produce a less open EU.

SO, HOW İT WİLL AFFECT TURKEY

The EU covers almost half of Turkey's foreign trade. Britain, Turkey's second largest export market ($ 10.5 billion) and is the 12th largest suppliers ($ 5.5 billion). Trade Union has a definite effect on this.Failure to do a deal that is guaranteed by the EU, there may be problems in trade between the UK and Turkey. Furthermore, the UK, since it supports Turkey's membership in a very long time, without the support of the United Kingdom, Turkey's EU membership can be more difficult.

Brexit abusing the supporters of Turkey's EU accession process and they exhibited contradictory behavior of the Turkish people for their campaigns. If Euroscepticism increases in European countries, it may lead to the same policies in many parts of Europe. Therefore, tourism in Turkey, accession process and will be affected in terms of international prestige.Because the Ankara Agreement was not mentioned in the laws of England.

What is Ankara agreement?

Turkey Ankara Agreement is basically the ability to trade in the UK republic of citizens, establish Isr, and schools that are connected to this agreement is an agreement which allows the reading of children belonging to the Turkish family.

Conclusion

But the economic impact of Turkey Brexit can turn into an advantage. Britain's most important trading partner, Turkey should sign new trade agreements with the new British government. Moreover, Israel's relations with Turkey and Russia may react as a negotiator in the region by restoring. Turkey's deliberative role, you can stop the attack of the dominant power in the Middle East and make it easier to flatten.

ŞAHİN YURDUM YILDIZ

İSTANBUL AYDIN UNİVERSİTY /POLİTİCAL SCİENCE AND İNTERNATİONAL RELATİONS DEPARTMENT

TURKEY 2018

Khashoggi's death had an impact on the pivotal states of this process (Turkey, the United States, Saudi Arabia)

What are the effects of Khashoggi's death on these countries leaders?

At first we talk about Saudi Arabia

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is the main official responsible for the siege of Qatar, the invasion of Yemen and Khashoggi's death, appears to have lost nothing. He met world leaders at the summit of the 20th Economic After Khashoggi's death and discussed with the British Prime Minister Theresa May, Vladimir Putin, US Secretary of State John Kerry, Indonesian President Goku Widodo and Prime Minister of the Republic of India Narendra Moody, a front of global media  This indicates forgetting the death of Khashoggi and support for legitimacy Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman under the support of US President and the Russian President's absolute Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

Here we come to Turkey, the country that has signed on its territory the crime of killing Khashoggi inside the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul , Where Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan respected  from all over the world after his victory over the Turkish-American diplomatic war, where we all know mutual sanctions between the two countries, where only a month after Khashoggi's murder  the sanctions were lifted between the two sides and the growth of the Turkish lira significantly, also that the Turkish president is still determined for punish hwo killed the journalist  Khashoggi's.

And finally we come to America where Trump was the only loser in Khashoggi's murder Where US President Trump lost what remains of his popularity in the American street and the international community after standing with the Saudi Crown Prince and his support, Here Trump stands helpless after the Saudi crown prince inspired him by arms deals in fictitious amounts and speeding up the process of normalization with country Israel. Khashoggi's death was a blow to President Trump, Which was considered signing arms sales deals Which is worth billions of dollars to Saudi Arabia, is one of his foreign policy victories.Also In a press interview with US President Trump he said he did not want to lose a "huge deal" to sell $ 110 billion worth of weapons he says would save 500,000 US jobs, a figure experts say is heavily overpriced.

WRITTEN BY- RADWAN BATAYNEH
MA POLITICAL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDENT
ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, TURKEY

HOW SIGNIFICANT ARE WOMEN IN NIGERIAN POLITICS?

In recent years all over the world, a new dimension of women in politics emerged . More and more women have now been entering into politics. Conventional politics reflected male concerns and hence women were notably absent in politics.Welfare policies had been constructed and reinforced women’s traditional position as wives and mothers. Women have struggled over issues affecting them.Women represent half of the world’s population, but their representation in political spaces is far from equal. From the community to the global level, women are underrepresented in elected offices, decision-making and as voters.


Over the years women have been relegated to the background in issues of the overall development especially in the developing nations like Nigeria. This is borne out of the sentimental attachment on feminine gender. Historical evidences are available to prove that the Nigerian women have for long been playing crucial role in political life of the country, and this has contributed in no small measure in shaping the political system of the nation. For development of any kind to be successful, a vantage position should be accorded the women, as they constitute larger proportion of the population. In this regard, they should not be left out in the issues of decision making that bothers even on their lives as a people.A lot still needs to be done to give women more room for participation in politics. It does appear that the huge and overwhelming representation of women at most political rallies has not transformed to increased opportunities for women to contest election.

Daring to join the male-dominated world of Nigerian politics was a tough decision for Ladi Mamman Watila, particularly in the conservative north-eastern state of Borno. But in 2003, Watila ran for a seat in the House of Representatives (the lower house of the National Assembly of Nigeria) on behalf of the All Nigeria People’s Party. Most of her opponents were men who felt she was better suited to the kitchen than the rough and tumble of national politics. “They called me a prostitute,” she tells Equal Times. “Acceptability was a major problem because, in northern Nigeria, women are to be seen and not heard.”Unsurprisingly she lost the election to the son of a traditional ruler. That was 15 years ago, but not much has changed for women like Watila who are battling for equal representation and participation in the political sphere.


The low level of political and civic participation of women in Nigeria is alarming and disturbing. This hinders women from contributing their quota to the development and consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Empirical observation has shown that Nigerian women in positions of responsibilities are noted to be hardworking and firm in decision making and have contributed in no small measures to the development of the country. Despite their enormous contribution in economic and other spheres, they have been marginalized in civic and political participation.Encouragement should be given women to enhance their participation in politics. 

Today, women are participating more actively in political issues than ever before as a result of political re-awakening and awareness. More often than not, they are besieged with challenges of which discrimination is more rife. Majority of the men more on chauvinistic disposition are preoccupied with the notion that decision making is exclusively for the men folk while women are to be instructed on what to do. This idea of seeing the women playing the number two role at homes has come to play itself out in the political life of the people. And this ought not to be so with regards to the ever dynamic nature of things globally as women are now seeing in other communities as avant-garde in developed nations. It is surprising that the same mindset of yester years is still what is obtained in our country.

 
Despite the difficulties faced by women in politics, they continue with their political ambition, contributing enormously to the political and national development in their own way as the challenges militating against them are not present, although Nigeria is yet to have a female president.  Women over the years could be said to have recorded some measure of appreciable political achievement in other political fields of endeavors, meeting their political objectives with limited support and resources at their disposal.


Election time is once again upon the nation with candidates already declaring their intention to vie for one office or the other. From the office of the President, to Governorship, the National and State legislatures, politicians have begun their meetings and political alignments all with a view to to electoral victory. Given this development, attention should be drawn to a matter that has often escaped serious discussion in the Nigerian political landscape and this is the need to provide more opportunities for women in politics in Nigeria. That this is so is evident when one considers that women in Nigeria today still suffer a lot of discrimination particularly when it comes to participation in politics. Therefore this issue continues to attract much concern not only from the women folk of our great country but also from every Nigerian who is appalled by the limited opportunities afforded women to effectively participate in politics in Nigeria.


Virtually all Political Parties in Nigeria have strong women wings which are designed to coordinate and maintain the support base of each party amongst women. Women after all are universally acknowledged to constitute an important unit of any electoral or political demography. It is however sad that Political Parties seem to be content with letting women bear such titles as “Women Leader”, “Deputy Women Leader”, “Chief Women Organizer” etc without really affording them a real opportunity of contributing politically to the development of this Country. Sadder still is the fact, as suggested by available data, that our women due to decades of forced submission to outdated ideologies regarding the role of women in society, may have come to regard themselves as eternal followers in the political schemes of events, only to be seen and never to be heard. Happily, increasing public discourse on the role of women in politics spurred by women themselves leave no room for doubt that Nigerian Women recognize the fact that much more can be achieved from their increased participation in politics and are not prepared to seat idly by whilst waiting for such opportunities which history teaches are seldom given freely and must on the contrary be demanded and when granted be protected.


Prior to and since independence, the issue of the role of women in politics in Nigeria has continued to attract debate. At one end of the divide are strong women’s rights advocates who argue that anything and everything must be done to ensure increased participation of women in politics. At the middle are those who concede that Nigerian women deserve more opportunities to participate in the governance of the country and that since political office can only be attained by participation in elections that more needs to be done to provide such opportunities. At the other extreme are those who hold the view that women have absolutely no role in politics and should be confined strictly to the home. 


Analysis of data

A careful analysis of data presented by the Independent National Electoral Commission is examined. In 1999, women recorded only 3% representation in contested offices. In 2003, the figure rose to 4% followed by a further improvement to 6% in 2007. However, from 1999 to date, no woman has been elected the Governor of a state in Nigeria. Whilst some women contested and won elections into the Houses of Assembly of some States, the level of representation is still very low. In 2003, there was no female member of the Houses of Assemblies in Adamawa, Cross River, Ebonyi, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Oyo, Sokoto, Yobe and Zamfara States. This list is instructive because it shows that virtually all geo-political zones in the country are represented. 

Only 909 females contested elections in 2011. This represents about 9.1% of the over 10,000 candidates.


BY- TOLULOPE WALIAT IDOWU
MA POLITICAL AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDENT
ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, TURKEY